Half Term Homework

Task 1
The Theories:
Brown and Levinson's Face Theory-Politeness theory is the theory that accounts for the redressing of the affronts to face posed by face-threatening acts to addressees. These include positive and negative faces and face threatening acts (FTA).
Grice's Maxims-This looks at the principles that are used during conversation to keep the conversation from ending or going off topic. These maxims include the maxim of quality, whatever is said is seen to be accurate, maxim of quantity, whatever is said is not too informative, maxim of relation, whatever is said is relevant to the conversation and the maxim of manner, whatever is said avoids obscurity of expression.
Task 2
The Newsroom Analysis:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16K6m3Ua2nw
The Newsroom Analysis begins with agenda setting. Will, one of the candidate leaders, sets the agenda as he has complete control of the debate right from the very start. For framing the student who initially asks the question opens the discourse while Will closes the discourse after his rant. For turn taking, Will has the most turns and also has the longest turn as his turn lasts around a minute and a half. For interruptions, Will interrupts the opposing candidate to continue his rant about America. For politeness, there is none as Will uses an FTA within his rant and is moaning about society as a whole. Will's only hesitation is when he has reached the climax of his rant and is becoming more reflective about America's society. One of Will's prosidic  features that he uses is that he shouts the word "Belgium" when destroying his opponents opinion in America, and he uses all of Grice's maxims apart from manner.

For lexis he uses taboo language when swearing, factual support when he is ranting about America and he uses Unity and bonding when he says "we stood up for what we believed in".

For syntax Will uses lots of juxtaposition by contrasting his opinion of America to those of the opposing candidates, and he uses lots of rhetorical questions because he wants to be more persuasive and he knows that deep down the other candidates and the students may agree with him on some points.

For pragmatics Will uses assertion as his opinion is backed up by facts and statistics.

Task 3
Class Notes on Language and Power:
Two types of power Instrumental and Influential
Instrumental-When it is used by individuals or groups to maintain and enforce authority
Influential- When it is used to influence and persuade others.

Three types of power political, personal and social group
Examples
Political-Held by politicians, the police and those working in law courts
Personal-Those who hold a position of power as a result of their occupation or role such as teachers
Social Group-Those who hold power as a result of social variables such as class, gender and age. Typically (but not exclusively) white, middle-class men hold positions of power.

What does it mean to be powerful?
Respect
Assertive-to be "in charge"
Authority
Encouragement
Knowledge
Being a role model
Confidence
Leadership
Intimidating (in some cases)
Responsibility
Narcissism(in some cases)
Being decisive
Depending on context age, class and gender

Interviews
The interviewer has instrumental power
The interviewee has influential power
Expected to use formal language and lexis
Complete unfamiliarity in terms of discourse
Put on the spot
Use Maxim of manner, relevance
We project or try to project confidence in our body language-maintain eye contact
We try to control the way we speak (volume/tone/etc.)
Interviewer uses interrogative
We use declarative and model verbs
They have the power to give us the
-Assertive
-Decisive
-Higher position of power